110年科技管理學刊第26卷學刊第二期 民國一一○年十二月
Volume 26, Number 2 December 2021 (若需下載全文請登入會員)
標題Article：
金融領域數位轉型賦能技術:嵌入區塊鏈和數位身份之簽章
The Enabling Technique for Digital Transformation in
Financial Sectors: a Signatory Embedded Blockchain and
Digital Identity
作者Aurthor：
林亭汝、王仁聖
Grace T.R. Lin
Jen-Sheng Wang
中文摘要Chinese Abstract：
隨著數位轉型的到來,金融領域的傳統簽名系統也必須面臨多元化的數據資訊交換環境。這樣的場域也需要更快、更安全的數字簽名機制來保證數據安全,如果將非對稱密鑰的算法與區塊鏈結構相結合,在計算性能上可以與傳統的對稱密碼系統相媲美,並且可以同時完成簽名和身份驗證操作,其機制能夠系統化地進行數位簽章,讓數據保護和資訊交換模式更安全。此數位簽章除了能夠符合金融領域應用的合規性,進一步確保機密資訊的安全。因此,為了適應未來數位轉型的需要,本研究利用 Hash 函數和區塊鏈概念構建了一種新穎包含數位身份的數位簽章架構。該架構具有以下優勢:1. 構建快速、安全、可靠的離線身份認證機制,無需依賴認證中心參與線上認證,降低認證頻率和頻寬佔用;2. 建立一個多重困難度的混合公鑰密碼機制滿足數位簽章保密性、完整性、認證性和不可否認性的基本安全要求,來抵抗常見的網絡攻擊方式。
關鍵字:金融領域、數位轉型、賦能技術、區塊鏈、數位身份、數位簽章
English Abstract：
With the advent of the digital transformation, traditional signature systems in
financial sectors must also face a diversified data information exchange
environment. At the same time, a faster and more secure digital signature
mechanism is required to ensure data security. If the algorithm of the asymmetric
key is combined with the blockchain structure, it is designed to be comparable to
the traditional symmetric cryptographic system in terms of computing
performance, and can complete the signature and verification operations at the
same time. These functions will be digitally signed systematically. The data
protection and message exchange mode is more secure. In addition to being able
to adapt to the restricted digital signatures in the finance industry, it can also ensure
the security of confidential information.
Therefore, in order to meet the needs of future digitization, this research uses hash
function and blockchain algorithm to construct a novel digital signature
mechanism. This architecture has the following advantages: 1. Build a fast, safe
and reliable offline self-identity authentication mechanism, without relying on the
authentication center to participate in authentication online, reducing
authentication frequency and bandwidth usage. 2. Establish a mixed public key
cryptosystem with multiple difficulties, in addition to meeting the basic security
requirements of confidentiality, integrity, authentication and non-repudiation, and
resisting common network attack modes.
Keywords: Digital Transformation; Financial Sectors; Enabling Technique;Blockchain; Digital Identity
標題Article：
以設計思考開發運用臉部表情辨識學習狀態之非同步遠距教學系統
Development of an Asynchronous Distance Teaching
System that Uses Facial Expression Recognition to Study
Learning Status Based on Design Thinking
作者Aurthor：
徐濟世、蔡文龍
Jih-Shih Hsu
Wen-Lung Tsai
中文摘要Chinese Abstract：
因疫情影響,國內外各教學單位進入線上教學,研究者所處教學單位以非同步遠距教學進行授課,讓學生上課不受時間與空間的限制。但因師生無法即時面對面溝通,教師難以掌握學生學習狀態。過去研究大多使用設計思考與價值主張探討行銷價值、消費者需求、定義產品服務與價值,卻鮮少研究以設計思考與價值主張將顧客不可或缺的需求實作成產品服務。本研究以設計思考開發運用臉部表情辨識學習狀態之非同步遠距教學系統解決教師的問題。研究方法採用設計思考的同理、定義、發想、原型與測試五個步驟,配合同理心地圖、人物誌與顧客旅程地圖定義教師進行非同步遠距教學時產生的任務與痛點,並透過價值主張提出:一、人臉辨識結合測驗系統;二、線上課程時間軸結合臉部表情辨識分析學生學習歷程解決任務痛點與獲益;經由質性訪談歸納臉部表情於非同步遠距中所代表的意義,以利教師理解學生的學習狀態。研究結果發現透過設計思考以人為本設計、臉部表情辨識與非同步遠距教學進行整合跨領域創新應用與產品設計,且透過 SUS 系統易用性量表統計系統平均分數為 91 以上達到優秀等級。本研究跨域採用設計思考與價值主張建置創新且符合用戶需求的產品服務之實作經驗,可供後續研究者參考。
關鍵字:設計思考、價值主張、顧客旅程地圖、臉部表情辨識、非同步遠距教學
English Abstract：
Due to the epidemic, all educational institutions around the world have suspended
classes and resorted to online teaching. The educational institution, where the
researcher works, conducts asynchronous distance teaching, allowing students to
attend classes anytime and anywhere without time and space restrictions. However,
the inability of students to have face-to-face and real-time communication with
teachers poses a challenge in determining students’ learning status. Most
researchers in the past fundamentally employed design thinking and value
proposition to discuss marketing values and consumer demands, and define
product services and values. Meanwhile, only a few researches adopted them to
incorporate customers’ indispensable needs into products and services. To solve
the problems of teachers, this study used design thinking to develop an
asynchronous distance teaching system that employed facial expressions to
identify the learning statuses of students. Further, the research method adopted
five steps of design thinking: empathy, definition, thinking, prototyping, and
testing. First of all, an empathy map, a persona, and a customer journey map were
used to define the tasks and pain points generated by teachers in asynchronous
distance teaching. Through value proposition, the following was put forward: (1)
a face recognition integrated test system; (2) the online course timeline combined
with facial expression recognition to analyze the learning process of students,
solve the task pain points and benefit from the finding. The system used qualitative
interviews to summarize the meaning of facial expressions in asynchronous
distance teaching to help teachers understand the students’ learning status. The
research results showed that through integrating human-centered design thinking
and facial expression recognition, asynchronous distance teaching in
interdisciplinary innovation and product design. Noteworthily, the average score
of SUS was 91 or above, indicating an excellent grade. Furthermore, the practical
experience from this study could be provided as a reference for subsequent
research—adopting design thinking and value proposition to build an innovative
and cross-domain product and service, which addressed user needs.
Keywords: Design thinking, value proposition, customer journey map,
facial expression recognition, asynchronous distance teaching
標題Article：
大學創業教育生態系統影響大學生創業警覺性養成之因素重要性研究
A Study of the Relative Importance of the Factors Affecting
the Cultivation of Students’ Entrepreneurial Alertness by
the University Entrepreneurship Education Ecosystem
作者Aurthor：
林士平、陳冠宇
Sirirat Sae, Lim
Guan-Yu, Chen
中文摘要Chinese Abstract：
隨著創業活動的普及,創業對社會與經濟發展的重要性也受到關注。自 80 年代開始,美國大專院校開設創業教育課程,隨後普及至世界各大學。在台灣,在學校及政府的推動下,許多大專院校都紛紛提供創業相關的課程,以培育學生創新創業的能力。學者也開始探討創業家精神的可教育性,以及大專院校在創業人才培育上所扮演的角色。然而,相關學生在創業教育生態系統內如何養成創業初期察覺機會能力的研究卻依然稀少。雖然有少數研究提出影響學生們創業警覺性的因素,尚未有研究結合創業教育生態系統與這些因素進行探索來說明這些因素的相對重要性。針對此缺口,本研究採質量化混合研究法進行探討,以質性系統文獻回顧法,探討創業教育生態系統如何影響學生創業警覺性的養成,並提出一個共有四個構面及十一個影響因素的理論架構。之後再以層級分析法探討專家對構面與因素的權重比序,經統整歸納後再以學生個體培養與學校總體營造進行討論。本研究成果為創業教育生態系統與創業警覺性提供更深入的理論基礎,並為決策單位提供建議,以提升學生創業警覺性能力並帶動校園創業發展。
關鍵字:創業教育、創業教育生態系統、創業警覺性、層級分析法
English Abstract：
The contributions of entrepreneurship to social and economic development have
attracted much academic attention. Since the 1980s, American colleges and
universities have started offering entrepreneurial courses that have later
propagated to universities worldwide. Promoted by the government, colleges and
universities in Taiwan have also developed courses focusing on innovation and
entrepreneurship to cultivate students' innovative and entrepreneurial abilities.
Some scholars have explored how entrepreneurship can be taught to college
students and the university's roles in cultivating entrepreneurial talents. However,
research into how students develop the ability to perceive entrepreneurial
opportunities in a university entrepreneurial education ecosystem is still limited.
Although a few studies have identified factors that affect students' entrepreneurial
alertness, few studies have combined these factors with entrepreneurial education
ecosystems and illustrate their relative importance. In response to this research
gap, this study adopted a mixed-method, beginning with a systematic literature
review to explore how the entrepreneurial education ecosystem affects students'
entrepreneurial alertness. A conceptual framework of four dimensions and eleven
influencing factors was constructed. The study then utilized the Analytic
Hierarchy Process method involving experts and scholars to rank the relative
importance of the four dimensions and eleven influencing factors. The study
provides a better understanding of the influence of an entrepreneurial education
ecosystem on students' entrepreneurial alertness. It could provide suggestions for
policymakers and universities to promote student entrepreneurship through their
entrepreneurship education ecosystems.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial education, Entrepreneurial Education Ecosystem,
Entrepreneurial Alertness, Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)
標題Article：
臺灣地區製造業產業群聚導入數位串流暨人工智慧建構勸服策略可行性之研究
A Study on the Feasibility of Constructing Persuasive
Strategies to Introduce Digital Streaming and Artificial
Intelligence among Taiwan’s Manufacturing Industry
Clusters
作者Aurthor：
邱琪瑄
Chiu, Chi-Hsuan
中文摘要Chinese Abstract：
隨著人力短缺、工資上漲、產品交期越來越短、市場需求變動大等問題出現,製造業正面臨新一波轉型挑戰。AI 恰巧可以解決人力的缺口問題,同時也可以搭配機器人完成公司內部認知自動化流程。雖然趨勢如此,但企業對於採行該作為仍有諸多疑慮,從政府政策推動或是工協會促進產業升級之角度,應該對企業有良好之勸服策略,本研究結合創新傳佈理論,解構當下採用與影響決策之因素,試圖建構勸服策略,讓政策推動單位可知道要如何設計輔助資源,提升企業之轉型升級意願。本研究與經濟部工業局專案計畫合作,進行半結構式深度訪談。本研究依據產值、數位化程度、區域平衡等三個因素考量下,選擇自行車產業、工具機產業、汽車零組件產業、紡織產業為主要調查產業。接續,以滾雪球方式選取深度訪談對象,受訪者皆為該企業最高主管或生產線最高主管。本研究提出以下三項應用勸服策略:找出合適對象,進行高階經營者說服;適度威脅,並提供解方,加強說服力;促進聯盟,由公信第三方帶頭,提出共利說服。本研究發現,臺灣製造業產業群聚數位串流暨人工智慧應用之創新傳佈狀況,大致符合創新傳佈理論之架構,但新增「主觀規範 」此一創新要素,其中需注意的是其對「相對優勢」、「相容性」及「社會體系」的重視度。
關鍵字:製造業、產業群聚、數位串流、人工智慧、勸服策略、創新傳佈
English Abstract：
With the emergence of manpower shortages, rising wages, shorter and shorter
product delivery periods, and large changes in market demand, the manufacturing
industry is facing a new wave of transformation challenges. AI could solve the
problem of manpower and complete the company’s internal cognitive automation
process. Despite this trend, companies still have a lot of doubts about what should
be adopted. From the perspective of government policy promotion or industry
associations promoting industrial upgrading, they should have a good persuasion
strategy. This study applied the “Diffusion of Innovation Theory” to deconstruct
the current adoption. We try to construct persuasive strategies so that policy
promoters can know how to design auxiliary resources to enhance the willingness
of enterprises to transform and upgrade. In this study, a semi-structured in-depth
interview was conducted in cooperation with the project of the Industrial Bureau
of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Based on the consideration of three factors,
including output value, digitization degree, and regional balance, this study selects
bicycle industry, machine tool industry, automobile component industry, and
textile industry as the main survey industries. Next, select in-depth interview
subjects in a snowball way. The interviewees are all the CEOs or the top
executives of the production line. This study proposed the following three applied
persuasion strategies: find suitable targets and persuade high-level managers;
moderate threats and provide solutions to strengthen persuasiveness; promote
alliances, led by a trusted third party, and propose mutual persuasion. In addition,
this study found that the digital streaming and artificial intelligence application of
Taiwan’s manufacturing industry clusters’ innovation and dissemination
conditions are roughly in line with the framework of the “Diffusion of Innovation
Theory”. However, an innovative element of “Subjective Norm” has been added.
It is important to pay attention of “Relative Advantage”, “Compatibility” and
“Social System”.
Keywords: Manufacturing Industry, Industry Cluster, Digital Streaming,
Artificial Intelligence, Persuasive Strategy, Diffusion of Innovation