112年科技管理學刊第28卷第1期
Volume 28, Number 1 June 2023 (若需下載全文請登入會員)
從技術融合與跨領域探討國家數位競爭力
李沛錞 Pei-Chun Lee / 周立婕 Li-Chieh Chou
有鑒於數位技術乃是催化新經濟秩序誕生以及奠定數位競爭力之重要角色,本 研究從專利技術層面切入探討國家數位競爭力,並且運用 1981 年至 2021 年之全球 在美國專利商標局申請核准之專利資料,以數量化方法探討國家層級之技術融合與 技術跨領域能否促進國家數位競爭力,以及技術融合與技術跨領域對於一國數位競 爭力的影響。本研究結果發現,技術融合與技術跨領域及國家數位競爭力排名呈現 高度相關性,尤以近五年之技術跨領域與國家數位競爭力之排名的相關性最高,尤 以具備通用技術屬性之運算類別專利技術發展為技術融合與技術跨領域之主要驅 動力。此外,本研究結果亦顯示擁有較多運算類別專利的國家,除了技術跨領域與 技術融合的發生頻次較高以外,同時也在國家數位競爭力排名上的表現較佳。
This study explores the digital competitiveness at the technological level by the patent data in the category of computing from 1981 to 2021, to investigate whether technological convergence and interdisciplinary technology can enhance the international digital competitiveness, and the degree of influence of technological convergence and interdisciplinarity on digital competitiveness. The results of the study show that computing-related technologies are highly correlated with international digital competitiveness rankings, both in terms of their own technological innovation and the resulting technological convergence and interdisciplinarity, and the correlation between interdisciplinarity and international digital competitiveness rankings has been the highest in the past five years, indicating that computing , as a general-purpose technology, can provide impetus for technological convergence and interdisciplinarity, and that the technology convergence and interdisciplinary technology derived from it can provide impetus for international digital competitiveness rankings. It is worth mentioning that the results of the study also show that countries with more patents in computing-related technologies are usually ranked higher in the international digital competitiveness ranking, and they also have a larger scale in technology convergence and interdisciplinarity. Therefore, this study argues that although past studies have shown that digital competitiveness emphasizes the ability to adopt and explore digital technologies, the possession or development of technology innovation related to digital technologies is also a driving force for enhancing the digital competitiveness.
散戶投資者關注程度與公司盈餘管理之關聯性: 大數據分析實證研究
邱彥毅 Yan-Yi Chiou / 劉福運 Fu-Yun Liu / 吳宗翰 Tzong-Hann Wu
本研究以臺灣上市櫃公司為樣本,探討散戶投資者關注程度與該公司 盈餘管理行為之關聯性。近來,散戶投資者廣泛利用網路檢索平台獲得投資 訊息,對於標的公司的關注程度亦可藉由 Google 搜尋量指數來衡量,使得 Google 搜尋量指數在金融大數據分析有重要的功能。本文實證結果發現, 散戶投資者的關注程度較高時,公司的盈餘管理程度較高。呼應散戶投資者 有限注意的觀點,即使散戶投資者提高關注程度時,解讀資訊的能力並沒有 隨之提高,對公司管理階層無法發揮監督效果,反而顯露出散戶預期交易的 心理,引誘公司進行盈餘管理。
This study investigates the relation between retail investors’ attention and earnings management. Recently, retail investors have widely used the web search engine to obtain investment information, and it leads to this study using the Google Searches Volume Index as a proxy for retail investors' attention. The empirical results suggest the positive relation between retail investors' attention and earnings management, and they are consistent with the view of retail investors’ limited attention. Meaning, retail investors’ ability to understand information has not been improved with their increased attention. Instead, their increased attention informs possible transaction behavior to executives, and it induces executives to manage earnings.
混合效果羅吉斯迴歸模型實證研究:以顧客滿意與不滿意對智慧手機再購買的影響為例
蘇懿 Yih Su / 李振宇 Chen-Yu Li
自蘋果公司在 2007 年發佈第一代 iPhone 手機以來,智慧手機已成為全世界最 熱門,競爭最激烈的 3C 商品。相較傳統以顧客滿意度及其他變數討論再購買行為 或意圖的研究不同,本研究主要是利用混合效果羅吉斯迴歸模型,討論顧客滿意與 不滿意度同時對消費者再購買相同品牌智慧手機的影響,並且研究提出的模型相較 一般常使用的羅吉斯迴歸模型有更好的結果。本研究結果也發現顧客滿意度與不滿 意度,都會影響消費者再購買相同品牌智慧手機的行為。更重要的發現是顧客不滿 意度的影響比顧客滿意度的影響更大,並且顧客不滿意度對再購買行為的影響各品 牌也不相同。透過目前使用者對智慧手機的評量,研究模型估計也發現,Apple iPhone 使用者未來持續再購買 iPhone 的機率最高,而採用 Android 系統的眾多智 慧手機品牌中,則以 Samsung 最具競爭力,超過 70%使用該品牌的受訪者,未來會 再購買 Samsung 智慧手機。
Since Apple Inc. released the first-generation iPhone in 2007, smartphones have been recognized as the most popular and competitive 3C product in the world in recent years. Traditional researches on repurchase behavior or intention mainly focuses on the influence of customer satisfaction and other variables. In this study, we use the mixed-effects logistic regression model to discover the influence of customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction on repurchase the same brand smartphones, and our model is more efficient than the commonly used logistic regression model. The results indicate that both customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction will affect respondents repurchase the same brand smartphones. The more important finding is that the impact of customer dissatisfaction is greater than that of satisfaction. We also find that the effects of customer dissatisfaction on repurchase behavior of the same brand smartphones is different for each brand. At the same time, we use our model to estimate the probability of repurchase the same brand smartphones for each brand. And we conclude that the Apple iPhone users have higher brand loyalty than other brands, and they will repurchase Apple iPhone again in the future. Compared with other Android system smartphone brands, Samsung is the most competitive brand, over 70% users will repurchase Samsung smartphones in the future.
品質機能展開研究五十年回顧:主路徑分析
契契娜 Chechena Kuular / 謝志宏 Chih-Hung Hsieh / 盧煜楊 Luis Y.Y. Lu / 曾國雄 Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng
「品質機能展開」或稱為「品質屋」源於日本,再傳至美國、歐洲,至今已歷 五十年,被各國廣泛應用於各種產業,也產出幾篇回顧論文。然而,這些回顧論文 尚無從主路徑分析觀點,以時間軸探討研究發展的歷程及其分分合合現象。爰此, 本研究從 SCOPUS 資料庫蒐集將近五千篇論文,並以主路徑分析作系統性分析。研 究後發現:相關論文年發表逐年增加,研究國家從已開發國家擴散至開發中國家; 以量而言,台灣為第三大發表國家;研究方法主要結合 MCDM、MADM、MODM 等工具,近年導入 MRDM、Z 機率模型及大數據分析方法;應用方面則從產品開 發、設計,衍伸至服務設計、環境評估、供應鏈評估、綠能及多種產業應用案例等。 展望未來,隨著 MCDM 方法進步及開發中國家相關研究越來越多,應該會有更多 新方法導入及新應用案例產生。
Quality Function Deployment (QFD)—commonly called “The House of Quality” (HOQ) referencing the commonly used HOQ diagram used by product development teams during the initial stage of the QFD process—was first introduced in Japan in 1971 and then later spread to the United States and Europe. Over the last 50 years, QFD has not only been implemented in various industries in numerous countries but has also been the subject of multiple review papers. However, these review papers have not yet performed a main path analysis of the development of QFD research nor have they used a time axis to explore the development of the research with regard to the phenomena of divergence and convergence. In this study, we collected nearly 5,000 papers from the Scopus database and analyzed them systematically via main path analysis. The research methodology of QFD mainly combines MCDM, MADM, MODM, and other tools; in recent years, MRDM, Z-number, and big data analysis methods have been introduced. The application of MCDM has been extended from product development and design to service design, environmental assessment, supply chain assessment, green energy, and various industrial applications. In the future, with the advancement of MCDM methods and the increasing number of related studies in developing countries, there should be even more novel methods introduced and applications generated.
2021 年台灣十大印刷電路板廠商相對競爭地位及營運策略調整建議
李宗耀 Zon-Yau Lee / 張容榕 Jung-Jung Chang / 李貞慧 Jhen-Huei Li / 溫春玉 Chun-Yu Wen
印刷電路板(Printed Circuit Board, PCB)產業在台灣已形成群聚效果,2021 年全 球市場佔有率達 33.9%,居世界第一,在台灣各電子相關產業均扮演關鍵上游角色, 對台灣經濟發展貢獻卓著。台灣前 10 大 PCB 廠商 2021 年的營業額約 4 千 3 百億 元,佔全台 PCB 產業總營業額約 43%。本研究之目的是探討此 10 大 PCB 廠商之 相對競爭地位,並提出個別廠商發揮競爭優勢的營運策略調整建議,可供未來投資 方向與企業發展的參考。本研究將這 10 家 PCB 廠商的 8 項營運財務指標資料透過 多元尺度法運算得到各 PCB 廠商在 2 維 X 軸與 Y 軸的平面分布。並經由主成分分 析法將各廠商的 8 種評估指標依其性質萃取成 2 個主要成份,依據成分 1 包含的主 要因素特性,可將 Y 軸命名為「投入效益軸」;依據成分 2 包含的主要因素特性, 可將 X 軸命名為「實際獲利軸」,依據各廠商的 X 座標與 Y 座標透過集群分析法可 將 10 家廠商分為 4 個群體。各群體依據其地位圖的落點可以分為高獲利、中獲利 和低獲利三類。其中第 2 群的廠商具有高獲利的能力;第 1 群和第 3 群的廠商具有 中獲利的能力;而第 4 群的廠商則僅具備低獲利的能力。就投入效益分析,依據各 廠商地位圖的落點可以發現,南電公司的效益最高。
Taiwan’s PCB (Printed Circuit Board) industry occupied 33.9% of the world market share in 2021, and possessed the world’s No. 1 position. It has established very competitive clustering effect in Taiwan, which serves as the key upstream supplier attributable for the success of Taiwan’s electronic industries. The top 10 PCB companies accounted for 43% of the total revenue of Taiwan’s PCB industry. It is the objective of this research to understand the relative competitive positioning of these 10 PCB companies. Multidimensional Scaling method was used to convert each company’s 8 financial indexes into a position in a two- dimensional diagram. The 8 financial indexes can be grouped into two principal factors using Principal Component Analysis. The Y-Axis can be represented by the Input Effectiveness factor, and the X-Axis can be represented by the Profitability factor. Using the Clustering Analysis, the top 10 PCB companies can be characterized into 4 clusters. The 2nd cluster has the highest profitability, the 1st and 3rd clusters have the medium profitability, and the 4th cluster has the relatively low profitability. Nan Ya Printed Circuit Board Corporation has the highest input effectiveness. The improving strategies for companies in each of the 4 clusters are recommended.