106年科技管理學刊第二十二卷第一期 民國一○六年十二月
Volume 22, Number 4 December 2017(若需下載全完請登入會員)
標題Article：激勵專案團隊創新：獎酬與團隊學習導向在新產品開發的角色
Motivating project teams to innovate:The interplay between rewards and team learning orientation
作者Aurthor：黃彥智、李振宇 Yen-Chih Huang,Cheng-Yu Lee
中文摘要Chinese Abstract：
本研究目的是探討新產品開發團隊的學習導向與獎酬機制對於其創新 績效的影響。本研究提出新產品開發團隊的學習導向會因其是應用性抑或 是探索性而產生不同的創新績效。同時我們也進一步探究過程基礎和結果 基礎的獎酬機制是否為調節變數。本研究調查新產品開發專案團隊，收集 153 份有效問卷並且使用層級迴歸分析方法進行資料分析，獲致以下研究發 現：(一)應用性學習導向與探索性學習導向分別對漸進式創新和突破式創新 的績效有著正向顯著影響；(二)過程基礎的獎酬與結果基礎的獎酬會強化探 索性學習對突破式創新績效的影響效果；(三)探索性學習、過程基礎獎酬與 結果基礎獎酬的三階交互作用對突破式創新績效會有正向顯著影響；(四) 過程基礎的獎酬則會弱化應用性學習在漸進式創新績效的影響力。本研究 也針對以上研究的發現提出相應的實務意涵。
關鍵字：新產品開發、過程基礎獎酬、結果基礎獎酬、應用性學習、探索 性學習
English Abstract：
This research aims to investigate whether the relationship between team learning
and innovation performance differs depending on team learning modes, i.e.
exploratory or exploitative. We also postulate that both process-based and
outcome-based reward mechanisms moderate the focal relationship. Analyzing
the data from a survey of 153 new product development teams, we find that
exploratory and exploitative learning exert positive influence on incremental
innovation performance and radical innovation performance, respectively. In
addition, the positive effect of exploratory learning on radical innovation
performance is strengthened by both process-based and outcome-based rewards,
whereas the effect of exploitative learning on incremental innovation
performance is negatively moderated by outcome-based rewards. Unexpectedly,
radical innovation performance is positively affected by the three-way
interaction of exploratory learning, process-based rewards, and outcome-based
rewards. We provide implications of these findings for managers and academics.
Keywords: New Product Development; Process-based Rewards; Outcome-based Rewards; Exploration; Exploitation
標題Article：以期望理論觀點探討專利期望價值、專利申請動機與專利 組合布局之間的關係
To explore the relationship among Patent Expected Value, Patent Application Motivation and Patent Portfolio: Based on the Expectancy Theory
作者Aurthor：薛招治、鄭意婷 Chao-Chih Hsueh,Yi-Ting Jheng
中文摘要Chinese Abstract：
本研究以期望理論的概念，探討專利期望價值、專利申請動機與專利組合布局 之間的關係。本研究以 2010 至 2014 年「業界開發產業技術計畫」結案之 766 家企 業作為研究對象發放問卷，有效問卷為 122 份問卷為本研究之樣本。以 PLS 偏最小 平方法為研究方法進行假說驗證。研究結果發現，首先企業期望獲得專利價值不同， 專利申請動機不同，無論企業期望透過申請專利獲得專利訴訟價值或商業化價值， 則企業專利申請保護動機愈強烈，企業利用專利保護發明為專利申請最基本的動 機。而企業期望專利產生訴訟價值時，專利申請動機為保護動機，而未產生專利策 略動機，說明台灣企業認為專利訴訟的思維與運作停留在法律層次，沒有利用專利 訴訟去達到與被訴企業和解，進而達到技術授權、吸引合作等功能。相對地，企業 期望專利商業化價值越高，則企業專利申請策略動機愈強烈，企業利用專利作為授 權談判、吸引投資或利用於商業經營的手段。當企業專利申請策略動機越強則企業 專利組合國內外規模越大，企業布局較大專利組合規模，其背後動機是希望透過專 利申請提升企業議價能力而非建構專利地雷網保護發明。最後，本研究提出相關的 理論與實務意涵，以供企業未來進行專利組合布局依據。
關鍵字：專利期望價值、專利申請動機、專利組合布局
English Abstract：
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among the expected
patents value, patenting motives and patent portfolio characteristics based on
expectancy theory. The study sample is 122 the government R&D sponsored
projects supported by Industrial Technology Development Program responded
from 766 questionnaires. We used the PLS partial least squares method to test
the hypothesis. Firstly, the results showed that whether films expected that patent
can create litigation value or commercial value, films applied patent to protect
innovation. However, when the firms expected more litigation patent value, they
have patent protection motivation not patent strategy motivation. The
phenomenon means that firms in Taiwan patent is a law issue not a business
mean that firms can use litigation to let competitors to license patented
technology or attract cooperation opportunity. Besides, when the firms expected
patent commercial value, they would have patent strategy motivation and use
patent to improve a company’s own position in negotiations with partners,
licensees and the financial sector. When firms tend to have patent strategy
motivation, they filed more patents and file then same technology in different
countries. The firm had the larger patent portfolio in order to enhance corporate
bargaining power rather than construct fencing patent portfolio to protect
invention. Finally, we present the theoretical and practical implications about the
suggestions of firm patent portfolio in the future.
Keywords: Patent Expected Value, Patenting Motives, Patent Portfolio
標題Article：商業模式的互動關係與阻隔機制特性-競爭優勢分析
The Interaction Relationship of Business Model and solating Mechanism- The Analysis of Competitive Advantages
作者Aurthor：蔡政安 Cheng-An Tsai
中文摘要Chinese Abstract：
策略所關心的是要有競爭優勢的商業模式，才能夠達成策略上獲取超 額利潤的目的。而資源基礎觀點的阻隔機制是競爭優勢來源。然而，台灣 產業轉型的關鍵是由降低成本變成價值提升，兩種經濟型態間的商業模式 顯然不同。而不同類型商業模式的阻隔機制的特性有何差異？本文以台灣 科技產業為田野，採用多個案研究設計，分析比較不同類型商業模式互動 關係，並比較阻隔機制特性，讓廠商對不同類型商業模式的競爭優勢來源 能有較清楚理解，研究結果可以彌補商業模式競爭優勢上可能的理論缺口。
關鍵字：商業模式、互動關係、阻隔機制、競爭優勢。
English Abstract：
In order to obtain excess profits of strategic purpose, strategy is concerned
about the competitive advantage of the business model. The source of
competitive advantage from resource-based view comes from isolating
mechanism. The key to Taiwan’s transformation of industrial structure is from
cost-down to value-up. The business model of these two economies is
apparently different. What are the differences in the characteristics of the
isolating mechanism for different types of business models? After surveying
multiple cases in Taiwan’s technology industry, this research analyses different
types of business model. To help a company better understanding where the
competitive advantage of different types of business model comes from, the
research analyses different types of business model’s interaction relationship
and compares their isolating mechanism. This way, the research results can
therefore make up for the possible theoretical gap of competitive advantage on
the business model.
Keywords: Business model, Interaction relationship, Isolating Mechanism, Competitive advantage.