106年科技管理學刊第二十二卷第一期 民國一○六年三月
Volume 22, Number 1 March 2017(若需下載全完請登入會員)
標題Article：產業脈絡對製造服務化發展模式影響之比較研究
A Comparative Research: The Influence of Industrial Context on the Manufacturing Servitization
作者Aurthor：余佩儒 Pei-Ju Yu
中文摘要Chinese Abstract：
過去製造服務化的理論多聚焦在製造服務化的不同發展模式，卻忽略實務 上存在不同產業屬性，發展模式會產生不同的夥伴關係，架構出的生態系統亦 會因產業別而異。本研究透過多個案研究的方式，選定台灣製造服務化發展相 對成熟的產業─紡織業、電機機械業，並以受經濟部技術處「製造服務推動計 畫」補助具成效的廠商為探究標的，探討製造服務化發展模式在產業層次上的 差異。 在跨產業的比較上，從營運模式的觀察，紡織業和電機機械業在製造服務 化的發展上皆會談及「新的價值主張」、「新的核心能耐/平台」、「新的企業組織」， 卻較少涉及「新的定價模式與營收模式」、「交易標的之所有權界定」兩大元素。 有趣的討論存在以下兩點：一、營運模式的觀察以「平台」為產業別差異的關 鍵：主要差異反映在「平台」的目的。紡織業者為「B2B2C」模式；電機機械 業是基於產品生命周期較長的特性，為「B2B」模式。二、從提供者和使用者 不同程度的互動關係來詮釋，亦存在產業別差異，尤其產業/產品特性的差異扮 演關鍵因子，包括：產品的客製化程度、產品架構的複雜度、設備的使用年限 與成本。最後，在不同業別營運模式的討論上，進一步提出對我國製造服務化 發展的相關政策意涵。
關鍵字：製造服務化、產業脈絡、比較研究、紡織業、電機機械業
English Abstract：
Theoretical inquiries of the servitization of manufacturing used to focus mainly
on the rationales and modes of the servitization of manufacturing. An issue of
benign neglect concerns how industrial characteristics come to play an
important role in shaping the modes and types of partnerships for
manufacturing servitization and hence the ecosystem involved. To explore this
issue, the research conducts multiple case studies for the relatively mature
industry in Taiwan, namely the textile industry and the electrical machinery
industry. Our cases are drawn from the “project of Servitization in
Manufacturing”, sponsored by Department of Industrial Technology, Ministry
of Economic Affairs.
Our analytical results suggest that servitization in the textile industry and the
electrical machinery industry both involves the important components of
business model, such as “new proposition”, “new core competence/platform”
and “new corporate organization”, but has little to do with “new pricing
model/revenue model” and “redefinition of ownership”. In addition, interesting
differences between the two sectors exist, as follows. Firstly, the role of
platform is a key to the understanding of differences in business model. While
servitization in the textile industry tends to take the mode of “B2B2C”, the
mode of B2B is commonplace for the cases in the electrical machinery industry,
because products in the sector are featured by a long product life cycle.
Secondly, the way in which providers interact with users underpins industrial
differences in business model. Especially, a few factors of industrial and
product characteristics, such as the degree of product customization, the
complexity of product architecture, and the life span and cost of equipment are
influential in shaping business model. Finally, the paper draws policy
implications for the development of servitization of manufacturing in Taiwan.
Keywords: servitization of manufacturing, servicizing, industrial context, comparative research, textile industry, electrical machinery industry
標題Article：研發聯盟的動態競合管理：以中鋼為例
Co-opetitive Dynamics Management of R&D Alliances: A Case Study of China Steel
作者Aurthor：侯勝宗、連婉茜、Sheng-Tsung Hou,Wan-Chien Lien
中文摘要Chinese Abstract：
台灣製造業廠商藉由產業聚落與網路關係建構獨特的垂直整合與水平 分工系統，是維持產業競爭力的主要思維，因此策略聯盟一直是重要研究 議題。本研究援用動態競爭與競合觀點，提出動態合作模式，並深入討論 策略聯盟的中心廠如何以不同的動機誘因驅動協力廠在聯盟過程中的合作 行為。動態合作模式說明合作夥伴之間市場共同與資源相似的程度，會影 響合作行為的驅動因子(察覺、動機與能力)，其驅動因子會引發兩兩廠商之 間的競合張力，進而影響合作行為。本研究使用個案研究法，以中鋼籌組 的三個研發聯盟：馬達聯盟(混合式聯盟)、螺絲螺帽聯盟(垂直式聯盟)及非 原廠正品汽車鈑金件聯盟(水平式聯盟)，分析 2006-2012 年兩階段的研發聯 盟發展，藉此了解聯盟在不同階段的演變過程，不同形式組合，其合作的 行為。本研究更進一步專注於中鋼(中心廠)如何以不同動機驅動(協力廠)在 策略聯盟過程中的合作行為。研究結果顯示，在不同階段的研發聯盟歷程， 需要以不同的共同利益與個體利益來管理 。
關鍵字：研發聯盟、動態競爭、競合管理、動機管理、中鋼
English Abstract：
This study conceptually constructs the dynamic process of alliance by the
theories from co-optition and incentive literatures, and provides an interpretive
case study of the steel industry in Taiwan. This qualitative case study will
explain how the central firm induces the economic incentives among various
types of alliances and discuss the dynamic process across different stages.
Based on the insights from these findings, we introduce four propositions for
further examination. This case not only illustrates the dynamics of of alliance
management, but also provides a context for the conversation among econimic
incentives (common interest and private interest) and competitive tenion.
Keywords: R&D Alliance, Co-opetition Management, Interest, China Steel
標題Article：結合誘發型市場擴散的新興技術減碳貢獻評估－以臺 灣電動車輛發展為例
Integrating the induced market diffusion into the carbon reduction contribution assessment of emerging technology: A case study of Taiwan’s electric vehicles development
作者Aurthor：黃仕斌、郭樂平、周桂蘭 Shihping Kevin Huang,Lopin Kuo,Kuei-Lan Chou
中文摘要Chinese Abstract：
以最低成本為目標函數的線性規劃模型，探討達成 CO2 減量的創新技術組合 研究文獻，大多專注在技術學習的擴散研究。但是，若没有建立需求拉升的市場擴 散模式，將會產生模型為滿足減碳限制式而無限制採用低碳技術的不合理擴散現 象。本研究主要目的是從消費者的投資觀點建立需求拉升的市場擴散曲線，以外生 變數方式代入線性規劃模型中，找出達成減碳目標限制下的成本有效的創新技術組 合。本研究最大的貢獻是透過情境分析，比較有及無市場擴散曲線的結果差異，證 明在線性規劃模型中納入新興技術市場擴散曲線設定的必要性。另外，本研究同時 探討影響運輸部門新技術市場擴散的重要因素，包括政府的補助政策及油價波動產 生的不同程度市場擴散，對於減碳目標達成的貢獻度影響。研究結果顯示純電動車 輛是最具有減碳潛力的技術，高油價對各類型電動車輛具有顯著的需求拉升的影響 力。因此，當油價下跌不利於電動車輛的市場擴散時，政府需要提高政策補助幅度， 才有可能刺激消費者購買電動車輛的投資決策，進而達成運輸部門的減碳貢獻。本 研究成果將有助於政府評估推動電動車輛補助政策的市場擴散成效，以及新興技術 達成運輸部門減碳目標的貢獻度。
關鍵字：市場擴散、減碳、技術推動、需求拉升
English Abstract：
Most of literature studied the technology-learning diffusion, while exploring the
combination of innovative technologies for CO2 reduction, using the least cost as
the objective function of the linear programming model. If there is no
demand-pull market-diffusion model, the linear programming model will select
fully the low-carbon technologies to meet the restriction of carbon reduction of
model, which is an unreasonable phenomenon of emerging technology diffusion.
The main purpose of this study is to establish the demand-pull market diffusion
curve by the viewpoint of consumer's investment, then input it into the linear
programming model to find out the cost-effectively combination of innovative
technologies to reach the goal of carbon reduction. The main contribution of this
study is to compare the different results with or without market diffusion curves
by scenario analysis, and prove the necessity of incorporating emerging
technology market diffusion into the linear programming model. In addition, this
study explores important factors of influencing the diffusion of emerging
technology in the transport sector, including government subsidy policies, the
fluctuation of oil prices and impacts on carbon reduction targets. The results
show that pure electric vehicles is the most potential technology for carbon
reduction, and high oil prices have a significant impact on market demand-pull
for various types of electric vehicles. Therefore, while decline of oil prices is not
conducive to the diffusion of electric vehicles market, the Government needs to
increase subsidy policies, which would be possible to stimulate electric vehicle
investment decisions of consumers, and to enhance the carbon reduction
contribution of transport sector. The results of this study will help governments
assess the effectiveness of market diffusion of electric vehicles induced from the
subsidy policy, and evaluate the contribution of reaching carbon reduction
targets by emerging technologies in transport sector.
Keywords: Market diffusion, Carbon reduction, Technology-push,Demand-pull