105年科技管理學刊第二十一卷第四期 民國一○五年十二月
Volume 21, Number 4 December 2016(若需下載全完請登入會員)
標題Article：製造業高值化之設計創新與分析
Analysis and Design Innovation of in the High-Valued Manufacturing
作者Aurthor：李宗耀、蔡志宏、陳炫碩、鄭嘉隆 Zon-Yau Lee,Chih-Hung Tsai,Shiuann-Shuoh Chen,Chia-Lung Cheng
中文摘要Chinese Abstract：
世界的整體趨勢持續變化，台灣製造產業面臨生產與人力成本提升和中國產品低價 競爭的衝擊，亟需找出使我們製造產業高值化的關鍵因素來強化競爭力。因此，本研究 希望可以探討設計創新應用在製造業高值化的關鍵因素，找出我國的競爭優勢。本研究 根據決策實驗分析法舉台灣四個製造業為例進行分析，包含「汽車零件製造業」、「金屬 切削工具機製造業」、「傢俱製造業」、「金屬手工具製造業」等四種產業進行研究。針對 價值需求調查、價值主張設計、設計概念整合、量產與上市資源、設計能量與知識傳播 與累積和設計資源建置與提供等六個構面進行比較，以滿足製造業提升自我的需求，並 找出高值化的成功關鍵因素。本文的重要性在將概念性的設計創新具體化落實在製造產 業，找出務實的方法來增加產業的競爭力與價值。
關鍵字：設計創新、產業高值化、決策實驗室分析法
English Abstract：
The overall trend of the world continues to change, the Taiwan manufacturing
industry is facing the production and labor costs and the impact of low
competition in China's products, we need to find out the key factors that make
our manufacturing industry value to strengthen the competitiveness. Therefore,
this study hopes to explore the design innovation application in the
manufacturing high value of the key factors to find our competitive advantage.
In this study, four manufacturing industries in Taiwan were analyzed according
to the decision-making experimental analysis, including "auto parts
manufacturing industry", "metal cutting machine manufacturing industry",
"furniture manufacturing industry", "metal hand tool manufacturing industry"
Industry research. In order to meet the needs of the manufacturing industry to
enhance the self, the design of the value proposition, the design concept
integration, the production and listing resources, the design energy and the
knowledge dissemination and accumulation and the design and supply of the
design resources, And identify key factors for high success. The importance of
this paper is to implement the conceptual design innovation in the
manufacturing industry, to find a pragmatic approach to increase the
competitiveness and value of the industry.
Keywords: Design Innovation, High-Valued Industry, Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL)
標題Article：影響學術研究計畫補助通過率的體制因素： 經費治理與領域的觀點
Institutional Factors Affecting the Approval Rate of Academic Research Projects: Perspective on the Governance of Funding and Disciplines
作者Aurthor：蔡林彤飛、王遠樵 Tung-Fei Tsai-Lin,George Wang
中文摘要Chinese Abstract：
研究影響學術研究計畫通過率的因素，不只有助於了解國家學術研究 資源分配，更重要的是如何透過通過率的設定，有效鼓勵研究者持續投入 與提升研究品質。不同過去對於計畫與個人的因素探討，本研究從體制的 觀點，提出經費治理因素與領域因素，蒐集包括美國、德國、奧地利與臺 灣等國內外主要補助機構補助學術研究計畫情形，瞭解影響通過率的體制 因素為何。研究結果顯示在經費治理因素方面，學術研究計畫通過率受到 學術研究經費、補助機構的治理架構與補助機構的定位影響；在領域因素 方面，受到領域發展規模、經費門檻與經費來源影響。本研究認為各國家 在制定學術補助政策過程，在不同的學術研究經費治理架構與學術領域研 究發展的體制下，應有差異化通過率政策，並建議研究補助機構若需要降 低通過率加強學術研究競爭力，也應分散經費來源與擴大一般核心研究經 費投資。
關鍵字：學術研究補助、通過率、補助機構、體制觀點
English Abstract：
Studies on factors influencing the approval rate of academic research project
would be beneficial to understand whether there is an optimal approval rate
could stimulate academic research. This study summarized two institutional
factors from the perspectives on the governance of funding and discipline.
Through an international comparison of the US, Germany, Austria, and Taiwan,
the results indicate that under the perspective on the governance of funding, the
approval rate could be decided by the governance of academic research funding
and the agencies as well as the position of funding agencies. Under the
disciplinary perspective, the approval rate could be affected by the size of
disciplinary fund, number of researchers, and sources of funding. This paper
concludes that policymakers could differentiate funding arrangements depend
on the various institutional setting. Policy implications are suggested.
Keywords: Academic research funding, approval rate, funding agency, institutional perspective
標題Article：研發成果商業化政策對大學校院基礎科學研究的影響
The Effects of Research Commercialization Policy on Basic Scientific Research Conducted at Universities
作者Aurthor：黃婉玲 Wan-Ling Huang
中文摘要Chinese Abstract：
科學技術基本法允許大學校院與大學教授可就政府補助之研究成 果，申請專利並授權使用，不受國有財產法之限制。然而，研發成果商業 化政策的推動，對於大學校院基礎科學研究的影響，在文獻上仍是個待解 答的問題。基此，本研究旨在探討除了學科領域的影響之外，大學校院為 因應政府政策而對研發成果商業化活動採取的鼓勵措施，以及大學教授就 研發成果商業化活動在行為上以及態度上的轉變，是否使得大學教授的研 究往應用端靠攏? 本研究針對 474 位台灣科學及工程領域的大學教授進行 問卷調查，結果顯示在控制學科領域的影響之後，大學校院為推動研發成 果商業化所採取的鼓勵措施，似乎對於大學教授研究計畫的屬性沒有明顯 的影響，但對企業研究經費的依賴卻顯著地提升研究計畫的應用性。此 外，大學教授對於專利申請的投入以及對研發成果商業化活動所抱持的態 度，皆會對其研究計畫的屬性造成影響。本研究有助於政策制定者了解大 學專利以及仰賴企業提供研究經費，對長期科學發展可能帶來的負面影 響。
關鍵字：研發成果商業化政策、研究計畫的選擇、學術研究的應用性
English Abstract：
Since the passage of the Science and Technology Basic Law, university and
academic scientists have been allowed to privatize and market the results of
publicly funded research. However, it is unclear what effects the research
commercialization policy may have on the nature of research conducted at
universities. This study investigates whether university initiatives and
individual scientists’ reaction to the national policy drive university research
toward the applied side. The data for this study come from a 2013 national
survey of 474 university scientists and engineers in Taiwan. After controlling
for the impact of fields of science, our findings indicate that reliance on
industry funds makes university research more application-oriented, while
other university initiatives have trivial influences on the nature of selected
research projects. In addition, scientists’ engagement in patenting activity and
their attitudes toward research commercialization provide significant
explanations for the selection of application-oriented research projects. This
study informs policy makers of the potential negative impact of academic
patenting and industry sponsorship on long-term scientific progress.
Keywords: research commercialization policy; research project selection; appliedness of academic research