105年科技管理學刊第二十一卷第二期 民國一○五年六月
Volume 21, Number 2 June 2016(若需下載全完請登入會員)
標題Article：社會企業服務創新：有機農業種植排程之服務模式化與 系統建置
Social Enterprise Innovation : Service Modelign and System Development for a Plant Scheduling of Organic Products
作者Aurthor：董惟鳳、張卉慈 Wei-Feng Tung,Hui-Tzu Chang
中文摘要Chinese Abstract：
近年全球各區域的社會企業 (Social Enterprises)逐漸發展，紛紛成立不少兼顧「社會價值」與「商業價值」 之社會企業團體或組織 (以下簡稱社企)，主要企業宗旨包括提出創新商業模式，同時解決現今社會議題、改善 人類生活或生存環境等。本研究透過社企深度訪談、觀察與蒐集產銷資料，針對一有機農業的社企個案公司， 了解如何經營阿里山與南投原住民農友之產銷班，社企除了需輔導農友種植有機農產品並提供穩定銷售通路， 協助農友在有機認證土地上安心地在自己土地上耕種、生活。所以採取「保證收購」商業策略。但對於農友經 常性的農作過剩，社企卻面臨極大的產銷壓力。此外，社企個案公司多採用人工作業與工作表更新種植數量與 採收歷史紀錄。另一方面，本研究希望改善一般社企屬於小型組織中人力成本吃緊的困境。因此，本研究建構 農產品種植排程之創新服務概念與系統，自行研發農產種植排程系統，希望可同時幫助社企與農友彼此降低產 銷不均的困境。農友也可有效率直接查詢排程系統之建議分配數量以執行種植工作，降低產量的不確定性。 本研究運用兩階段處理有機農產品種植排程，建立「模擬退火演算法」之最佳化模式，透過運算「降溫」 過程找出在同一溫度下，農友未收成量最小的農作物數量分配組合，並在數次降溫後達到最大鏈長及終止條件 後得到的農友作物數量分配，即是農產品種植「最佳化」的數量組合解。在進行模擬退火程序前，本研究採用 社企個案公司之農友作物數量分配的真實資料，農友的作物收成率及歷年的種植數量來分配，將分配的結果當 成模擬退火法之起始解，第二階段再使用模擬退火法的降溫過程找出未收成量最小的數量組合，且該數量組合 的收成量為最接近零售商的訂單量。本研究的種植排程服務系統的提出，不僅能提供最佳化的數量分配，進而 取代人工排程作業，協助預估與分配農產種植數量，亦可改善產銷不均之關鍵問題。社企除提升原住民農業經 濟，也更有餘力教育與行銷消費者健康有機農業之通路效能，實踐社會企業的宗旨。就服務科學而言，本篇貢 獻於建立社企與農友的「價值共創」與「系統化服務創新」，為社企個案公司創造新的服務價值，亦可幫助社會 企業的服務創新。
關鍵字：社會企業、種植排程、最佳化數量分配、模擬退火演算法、服務創新
English Abstract：
Social enterprises (SE) have increased and developed steadily for the past
few years. Some enterprises or startups raise an integrating between business
and socials values. Thus, the objective of SE is to solve the problems of social
issues, improve human’s life, and living environments. The research uses an
agricultural SE that creates an innovative service with the aboriginal peasants
who plant the organic products in their certification farmlands (i.e.,Alisan and
Nantou in Taiwan). The SE case mainly commits to provide these peasants a
strategy of ‘guarantee the acquisition’, and made them work and live stably
at themselves lands as possible. Obviously, the SE case needs to face with the
high pressures of production and marketing. On the other hand, the most of SEs
are small-scale enterprises with limited manpower. In order for understanding
the operations between the SE and its suppliers (aboriginal peasants), the
research adopts some deep interviews, observations, and data collections of
production and marketing in order for developing a plant scheduling service
system. This research intends to develop an effective plant scheduling service
system to help solve the critical issue of ‘balance of production and marketing’
between the SE case and the suppliers. The users also can search for the system
results to be the reference of the quantity and time schedule they need to plant.
The system is capable of uncertainty decrease that can be viewed as a service
innovation of social enterprise.
This research uses a two-stage optimization algorithm - ‘Simulated
Annealing (SA)’ that is capable of computing the optimized quantity
assignment based on the selling needs of SE. In the process of lower
temperature, the methodology can attain the most chain length and stop
condition to be the results of quantity assignment. Before the process of SA,
the study firstly decides a set of initial solution according to the practical real
data from the real business case - A social enterprise of organic farming. The
research refers to the combinations of all previous year crop rates and crop
quantity. In the second stage, SA can search for the least quantity combination
under the non crop rates and the sets of quantity will be closed to the order
quantity of suppliers. Overall, this research contributes to an innovative service
system which can generate the optimization of assigning crop quantity.
Furthermore, the service system also can improve the manual operations,
human cost down, and unbalanced production-marketing. From the service
science perspective, the value co-creation can be really fulfilled between
organic peasants and social enterprises. The research also represents how to
create an innovative service value for the social enterprise.
Keywords: Social Enterprises, Plant Scheduling, Optimized Quantity Assignment, Simulated Annealing, Service Innovation
標題Article：兩岸發光二極體產業之效率評估： 應用網路資料包絡分析法
Efficiency Evaluation of Cross-Strait LED Industry: Application of Network Data Envelopment Analysis
作者Aurthor：程琪、方文昌、林婷鈴、許旭昇 Chi Chen,Wenchang Fang,Ting-Ling Ling,Shiuh-Sheng Hsu
中文摘要Chinese Abstract：
隨著全球日益重視綠色環保能源，發光二極體(Light Emitting Diode, LED)已成為各 國極力發展的照明產業，中國大陸在政府的扶持下，已成為全球最具潛力的照明市場， 亦是台灣 LED 產品的主要出口市場。為比較兩岸 LED 產業之競爭優勢與市場地位，本 研究旨為探討兩岸 LED 公司之經營效率，並考量研發與行銷活動之延遲效果與知識存量 的特性，以多項式分配延遲模式與網路資料包絡分析法，建立多階段的效率評估模式。 研究結果發現，台灣 LED 產業的研發能力領先中國兩年，但中國大陸的內需市場大，銷 售推廣能力優於台灣。後續研究可結合此評估模式與決策矩陣，找出公司的市場定位與 競爭能力，作為決策者在進行資源整合與擬定決策之重要參考資訊。
關鍵字：發光二極體、延遲效果、知識存量、多項式分配延遲模式、網路資料包絡分析 法
English Abstract：
Green environmental protection energy is of increasing important; LED has
become strongly developed as lighting industry by global countries. In China
government support, it has become the most promising lighting market in the
world, and it is the main export market of Taiwan LED products. In order to
compare competition advantages and market position of cross-strait LED
industry, the object of research is to evaluate operational efficiency of
cross-strait LED companies, which consider the time-lag of R&D activity,
marketing activity, and knowledge stock. This paper use polynomial distributed
lag model and network data envelopment analysis to build a multi-stage
efficiency evaluation model. The result shows R&D capabilities of Taiwan is
better than China and it is to take the lead for two years. On the contrary, China
has large domestic markets and its sales promotion capabilities have better than
Taiwan. Future research can combined this model and decision matrix to
identify the market position and competitiveness of companies, as important
reference information of decision-makers during the resource integration and
decision making.
Keywords: Light Emitting Diode, Time-lag Effect, Knowledge Stock, Polynomial Distributed Lag Model, Network Data Envelopment Analysis
標題Article：以後設分析法探討科技接受模式之研究
A Study of Technology Acceptance Model Using Meta-Analysis
作者Aurthor：樓永堅、曾威智 Yung-Chien Lou,Wei-Chih Tseng
中文摘要Chinese Abstract：
科技接受模式(TAM)被廣泛用來測試使用者的科技接受方式，但這理論 隨著被運用在不同問題、背景和研究方法，也導致構面關係顯著性、方向 與數值大小有些分歧。面對 TAM 的發展，國內外也開始有學者針對 TAM 進行後設分析，然而這些國內外相關後設分析之研究卻沒有針對台灣使用 者進一步討論，因此本研究彙總了國內 2002 至 2013 年以台灣使用者為對 象的研究，共 36 篇文章，40 筆資料，將原本 TAM 理論擴充至 6 個構面、 12 組關係。另外本研究亦將可能會造成研究差異的因素，如：「資料來源」、 「問卷類型」、「受訪對象」、「採用自由度」與「樣本大小」等研究方法上 的變項視為調節變數進行後設分析，以便能夠更正確的驗證不同的研究方 法上的選擇是否影響該理論中各構面之關係的大小，以供後續應用 TAM 時 之參考，結果發現在 12 組關係中有 5 組關係是比較穩定的，而且本研究所 探討之調節變數的確對某些關係的效果大小具有調節作用。
關鍵字：科技接受模式、知覺有用性、知覺易用性、後設分析
English Abstract：
The technology acceptance model (TAM) is one of the most widely used test
models of technology acceptance. Many TAM studies are characterized by
different question, area and methodology, resulting in conflicting and somewhat
confusing findings which vary considerably in terms of statistical significance,
direction and magnitude. Faced with the development of TAM, domestic and
foreign scholars have begun to discuss a meta-analysis of the TAM. However,
those studies have no further analysis on Taiwanese users. This paper conducted
a meta analysis based on 36 selected empirical articles which focus on the data
from Taiwanese users between 2002 and 2013 (including 36 studies, 40 research
data set, 6 integrated constructs and 12 relations between constructs).
Furthermore, we also conducted a moderator analysis for the effort of different
source of article, types of questionnaires, respondents, freedom of acceptance
and sample size. The result suggests that 5 relations are more stable in our
research, and the moderator indeed affects effect size of some relations in TAM.
Keywords: TAM, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Easy of Use, Meta Analysis